Heschel vs. Buber The Long

Presentation: Where the Problem Is Such is the idea of religious philosophy that specific inquiries are elusive the correct response to. Just with assistance of long, destroying discusses, reality can be at long last found and seen as a piece of the life pattern.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Heschel versus Buber: The Long-Lasting Debates explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although Buber’s thought of addressing God legitimately and Buber’s way to deal with the disaster that is known on the planet history under the name of Holocaust is very clear and straightforward, his contentions are as yet mistaken, which Heschel figures out how to demonstrate. Considering the contentions that Heschel drives to reprimand Buber, one can move toward the thoughts that Heschel was attempting to pass on in his book. Thinking about the contention between the Truth and the idea of a man, Heschel explains that the attentive, open discourse between a man and God is totally inconceivable. Attempting to see if the discourse between a man and God must be immediate and cautious, the creator explains certain disputable ideas about the connections between a man and the Lord from Heschel’s perspective. Contrasting his thoughts with the ones communicated by Buber, Heschel clarifies that setting up the previously mentioned discourse is a long way from being that simple. Thusly, the issue needs substantially more thought than Buber proposes. On the Conflicting Issues: Opposing Buber’s Ideas Despite the grandness of Buber’s thoughts and the way that there is a without a doubt interest in Buber’s contemplations, Heschel clarifies that the dutifulness to God and following the proposes that the Bible gives individuals makes one of the most significant pieces of serving the Lord. Herefrom, Heschel marks, the key issue roots. â€Å"What is Truth as accessible to us? Ii it a revile, a way toward rout loaded down with torment? Is it accurate to say that we are bound to live with hallucination while looking for Truth futile? We spend a lifetime searching for the key, and when we discover it, we find that we don't have the foggiest idea where the lock is†1. In this way, the writer considers the issue of the conviction and the issues hidden it.Advertising Looking for paper on religion religious philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Putting Two and Two Together: Heschel’s Idea of Holocaust Although clearly the possibility of Holocaust has been taken to exhibit the standards of the conviction that Heschel was attempting to pass on to people in general, it is apparent that the creator proposes the perspective that is fairly abnormal and along these lines fascinating to consider. It is impossible to miss that the very contention with Buber takes just a solitary sentence, yet it is one of the most noteworthy components of the piece. In any case, it is coherent to make reference to Buber’s thought first. What the last recommends is the open discourse with God, so a man could comprehend the reason for the conviction and see what the sufferings of a man are for. There is no uncertainty that Buber sees certain recorded understanding of the mankind as pointless sufferings that numerous individuals have needed to get by futile. Following the train of Buber’s contemplations, one can see that the creator guarantees that specific chronicled occasions have been unreasonably unfeeling for individuals to keep having faith in God, which implies that there must be sure clarification for them. In any case, as a man approaches the Lord for the significance of these preliminaries, there is no response for the supplications; subsequently, one is gradually getting frustrated in the conviction and in the thoughts that the Bible enlivened him/her on. â€Å"Heaven is quiet to us, and just through the niches of composed and oral custom is God’s will made referred to us with respect to what we will do or not do†2. Along these lines, clearly Buber thinks about that the exchange between a man and the Lord could fathom various complicacies. In this unique situation, Buber specifies the occasions referred to on the planet history as Holocaust, the lamentable passing of a large number of Jews during the time of the Nazi reign in Germany. Referencing the ghastly experience of the individuals who figured out how to endure the torments of Holocaust, Buber accentuates that these survivors of the most inconceivable mercilessness were headed to deny the confidence: â€Å"How is a Jewish life still conceivable after Auschwitz? I might want to outline this inquiry all the more effectively: how is an existence with God still conceivable in a period in which there is an Auschwitz?†3. Losing the connection with God, a man loses his confidence, Buber emphasized.Advertising We will compo se a custom exposition test on Heschel versus Buber: The Long-Lasting Debates explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this point, the assessments of the creators cross. Clarifying that the confidence comes from the trust in the Lord, Heschel explains that one doesn't have to comprehend what underlies either authentic occasion to accept. It is the visually impaired confidence that makes the genuine adherent, Heschel marks: â€Å"God is Truth. We complete His requests, empty water into spilling barrels, having confidence in the movement for the good of its own. Is it possible that God who is Truth would hoodwink us?†4. What Heschel assembles his contention around is the comment of Buber: Nothing can cause me to put stock in God, on the off chance that he be acceptable, isn't the creator of all things, the same number of state, yet he is the reason for a couple of things just, and not of most things that happen to men; for few are the products of human life, an d many are the shades of malice, and the great just is to be credited to him; of the underhanded things different causes must be discovered†5 Considering this end n evident confusion, Heschel clarifies that solitary when serving God aimlessly, without attempting to comprehend what underlies the occasions happening throughout everyday life, one can arrive at what the confidence is. Utilizing the Holocaust as the most brilliant case of how the trials from the up above must be taken, Heschel explains that the possibility of confidence is to acknowledge without requesting for clarifications. It must be conceded however that his contention comes to past the possibility of the â€Å"good† and the â€Å"evil†. As per Heschel, the general concept of the heavenly stretches past the thoughts of the malevolence and the great †God is a definitive shrewdness, the unrivaled hotspot for the information. â€Å"It would have been straightforward for the Prophets of old Isra el to state that insidious issues from another source, that God isn't answerable for it†6.Advertising Searching for exposition on religion religious philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Consequently, every occasion in people’s lives originates from the Lord, and should be acknowledged all things considered. â€Å"Our outright assurance that God is One and the Creator of all things, the Prophet announced, ‘I am the Lord, who do all these things’ (Isaiah 45:67)†7. In this way, Heschel deciphers Holocaust as the occasion that should have been treated as an experience sent from the sky above. Condemn Me Fairly: Being Objective Was Heschel’s pundits of Buber legitimized? It very well may be viewed as that the creator had a point, asserting that Buber had gone excessively far in his requests to know a definitive truth. It appears that the endeavors to cognize God and His reasons are bound to disappointment. Having the astuteness of the unending length of time, God is simply the most holy riddle, and there is no utilization attempting to find the embodiment of His being †that is something that is past a man’s understanding. Alo ng these lines, even in the hardest occasions, a man has no option to guarantee that the torments (s)he endures confirm that God doesn't exist. As Heschel clarified further on in his book, â€Å"At times we should trust in Him notwithstanding Him, to keep being an observer in spite of Him concealing Himself. What experience neglects to pass on, petition realizes. Petition beats the despair†8. Accordingly, Heschel’s contentions against the perspective of Buber appear to be somewhat all around grounded. For sure, the general thought of confidence accepts without requesting to offer any strong verification; in any case, the substance of the confidence would be destroyed. Thinking about the thought from such perspective, Heschel is clearly directly about asserting that Buber misconstrues the reason for the complicacies that individuals have t face in their lives. Heschel transforms the confidence into the light that individuals need to follow so as to pass the experiences and come to the heart of the matter of their living. In any case, it must be conceded that the argumentation of Buber bodes well also. In reality, without feeling any substantial input and experiencing enormous torment, either real or inside his/her spirit, one night begin hopeless. This may bring about the possibility that God is hard of hearing to the requests of the minor humans, which, in its turn, will fill in as the beginning stage for a man to lose the confidence. Along these lines, Buber’s contentions and his inquiry loaded up with torment and the longing to comprehend, Do we stand defeat before the shrouded face of God like the disastrous legend of the Greeks before nondescript destiny? No, somewhat even not we battle, we as well, with God, even with Him, the Lord of Being, whom we once, we here, decided for our Lord9,seem to be loaded up with significant thoughts also. However the misery that his words are shot through is fairly the indication of the confidence leav ing a man. â€Å"The judge of all earth, will He not do the justice?!†10, Buber shouts out, which shows the absence of conviction. Opening ridden, the contentions of Buber can't be taken as the adequate confirmation for his hypothesis. End: Where the Truth Is According to Heschel, when a man begins having faith in God, there is no force that can stop him. It appears that, as opposed to the thoughts of Buber, which depend on the craving to comprehend the beginnings of the perfect and the themes of the fiascoes that individuals need to endure, Heschel’s perspective is loaded up with

Context of Modernism Free Essays

string(123) gave them progress cognizance and building to show signs of improvement ofing and the sane and serious impression of modernism. Presentation Setting OF MODERNISM Innovation is a lot of social or stylish habits which partners with the logical and the masterful movement which began in the decennary around the First World War and have ruled among a few movement, for example, cubism, functionalism and oddity. Sarup, M. ( 1993 ) . We will compose a custom exposition test on Setting of Modernism or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Anyway in design, innovation responds to the commitment of turn toing new structures after the two World Wars, for example, mass housing of conventional signifiers and the intensity for investigating new states of creation, for example, new stuffs and building. Le Corbusier and Mies van der Roche were the cardinal impacts of present day engineering ; they took a few civic establishments and custom to explain the impression of current design. Curtis, W. J.R. ( 2001 ) . Innovator have the idea that engineering should hold an outcome as being ‘functionalistic, positive, technocentric, and rationalistic ‘ with their building or urban arranging. Harvey, D. ( 1990 ) page 35. In the World War II, Modernism became mainstream especially in the United State where it took on another life by using various engineerings, for example, steel edge and glass wrap dividers for building high rises and rural office Parkss and strip malls which were cost-effective. Ghirardo, D. ( 1996 ) . Setting OF POSTMODERNISM Postmodernism is extremely dubious to portray in light of the fact that it has certain components that identifies with innovation. The term began inside imaginative people and pundits in the United State during the 1960s and it was dispersed in the European and other modern states in the seventiess. Anyway postmodernism is an unsteady develop of movement inside an already industrialist human advancement that contend the visual assaults in abstract negative judgment of workmanship, film, way and engineering inside the political monetary cultural states of the late twentieth century. It other than includes the new connection among world and nature. Ghirardo, D. ( 1996 ) . Postmodernist impression of assaults to engineering got from innovation political direction of design, and it even impacts some postmodern originators, this is a result of their discernment from arrangement furthermore their advanced strategies for structures yet they other than add their new develop to their buildings. Jencks, C. ( 1988 ) . There are three guidelines that Robert Stern ‘s article depicts to portray the highlights of postmodernism, the main element is ‘contextualism, ‘ this depicts the single building as ever a piece that speaks to its condition. The second is ‘allusionism ‘ , which underscore the structure of its verifiable and social features, and the third is ‘ornamentalism ‘ , and this recommends all the dividers of the building to hold an engineering noteworthiness. ( See crafted by Robert Stern ) Bertens, H. ( 1995 ) page 59. Postmodernism has other than risen the old style stage whereby it has impacted certain postmoder n architects like Michael Graves, James Stirling, Norman Neuerburg and even Philip Johnson ‘s AT A ; T building ( see figure 1 ) . Jenks stress that the ‘Free-Style Classicism ‘ decides a few highlights of postmodern design which began precisely from the 1980s. ( See crafted by Charles Jencks ) Bertens, H. ( 1995 ) page 64. Pundit OF POSTMODERNISM ON MODERNIST NOTION OF ARCHITECTURE David Harvey contends about if ‘postmodernism, for outline, represent a radical interference with innovation, or is it just an insubordination inside innovation against a signifier of high innovation. ‘ Harvey, D. ( 1990 ) page 42. This message is to oppugn the engineering of the postmodern movement, Harvey so clarifies by underscoring that postmodernism has generally distinguish an interference with the pioneer build that arranging, planing and advancement should focus on the wide-scale, innovatively discerning and monetarily urban program which ought to be severe on contemplations of structure with a functionalist perceptual encounter of a worldwide way. Harvey, D. ( 1990 ) . The most persuasive pundit on postmodernism and innovation is Charles Jenks, he depicted engineering from a lingual purpose of position as accents in his book ‘The Language of Post-Modern Architecture ‘ . Jenks contends that postmodernism design is non an interference of innovation yet by the by it ‘s looking to show signs of improvement of the political direction of its engineering non by dropping it however by extending the ‘language ‘ to an alternate degree into a typical and business yet off from custom. He recorded all the old buildings as which had present day includes and named them as the ‘ersatz, ‘ by and by he calls the new structure as the ‘social sober mindedness. ‘ Jencks, C. ( 1991 ) page 97. Moreover he pinpoints the specific day of the month for the perish of ‘modern engineering ‘ as he reference at 3:32 post-mortem examination, July 15, 1972 when the Pruitt-Igoe dwelling undertaking worked in 1951 was wrecked. Thus Charles Jenks investigates further the idea of the pioneer thought inside postmodernism engineering, he contends that postmodern design is ‘double coded ‘ , this recommend postmodernism is a varied blend of customary codifications with present day 1s this shows innovation is ever one of the codifications that signifiers postmodernism so postmodern design has develop from innovation however it must go past current way. Hence postmodernism is to intrude on completely or drop innovator thought of design however has broadened it into an alternate impression. Jenks investigates Mies van de Roche who is an advanced architect, he contends that the utilization of steel I-bars for structures are ‘nasty ‘ and ‘brutal ‘ and has no purpose for its clients or designers so subsequently postmodernism has develop to happen arrangement of bettering the upon innovation. Bertens, H. ( 1995 ) . The indicant that innovation engineering is sound and serious is on the grounds that the confinements and their effect on conventional signifiers and develops which most postmodern fashioners see as ‘pass A ; eacute ; , ‘ by the by when postmodern designer structure they negate to custom other than when they fabricate their buildings they express it through a cutting edge way by underscoring on a blend of various habits. Moreover in the depiction of postmodern design Paolo Portoghesi who other than reprimand postmodernism contends that postmodern is any building that breaks present day compels of chronicled habits with basic impacts. Kolb, D. ( 1990 ) page 88. The restriction of present day engineering on authentic impacts is one of the central difficulties of postmodernism. Jean-Francois Lyotard a postmodern pundit clarifies that one highlights of postmodernism is the change nature understanding in logical and modernized society, this has gave them progress comprehension and designing to show signs of improvement ofing and the levelheaded and serious impression of innovation. You read Setting of Modernism in class Paper models Sarup, M. ( 1993 ) . For this, Joseph Fredrick who guarded against the International Style ‘s and his ain idea of building clarifies that innovation in engineering has arranged characters yet its surge was on its way, which essentially postmodernism has dominating. It is the seriousness of innovation ‘s conventional signifiers which postmodern exploited logical cognizance to interfere with the recorded impacts and give opportunity for fashioners to design their structure. Larson, M, S. ( 1993 ) . The div ision among present day and postmodern is that advanced is confined whereby postmodern has its opportunity to design. Besides pioneer impression of design as reasonable and serious to conventional confinement has non been refuted by postmodern yet it has deciphered and coordinated innovator political direction. Anyway Jencks contend that postmodernism has non become an interference or dropped the idea of innovator design yet it has advance from innovation, and has notice the trepidation of the improvement of its clasp so they change the way and stretched out its highlights to oblige its age. Portoghesi, P. ( 1980 ) . Along these lines postmodernism is regularly known as the ‘stylistic marvel ‘ . Ghirardo, D. ( 1996 ) page 8 Charles Jenks contends that postmodern structures when all is said in done have had a beneficial outcome in engineering, since the nineteenth century mechanical structure has made an enormous advancement on buildings and has been excessively exact similarly as with the carefully assembled arrangement, this and different components have become the main ground for its break from innovation. Similarly he contends that postmodernism has taking drastically from the develop of how to information building unbounded where as innovator to consider interminable to be something to be formed for cultural plans, they decipher boundless as something free, to be configuration orchestrating to originative purposes however non to exceed its conventional impacts. A delineation is Le Corbusier ‘s Domino structures ( see figure 3 ) which began innovator improvement of vast, by and by postmodernism responded to this by searching for answers for indicate ‘place ‘ then again of theoretica l infinites and to set up the various vagueness of infinites rather than the straightforward, unsurprising conventional building of pioneer design. Jenks, C. ( 1990 ) . Le Corbusier ‘s Domino dwelling undertaking There are sure qualities of innovation which have been created by postmodernist architects, the spacial musings, for example, superimposed and shallo

How To Ditch Purple Prose for Good in Your Writing

How To Ditch Purple Prose for Good in Your Writing In this article, we will discuss what purple prose is and how to avoid it in your writing. Then, how to ditch it for good!First, lets talk about what purple prose is, as some of the most experienced writers might not even be familiar with the term. Basically, purple prose is overly complicated descriptions that draw the reader away from the plot, characters, and overall story and draw them directly to a complicated section of writing. Meaning gets lost within purple prose and it can be quite difficult to stay grounded in the story when wading through all that purple. It is not only complicated descriptions, but also run-on sentences, too many words, an abundance of adjectives and adverbs, and so on.Meaning gets lost within purple prose and it can be quite difficult to stay grounded in the story when wading through all that purple. Photo by Jesper Aggergaard on Unsplash.Purple prose is quite simply unnecessary. Passages of purple prose can always be rewritten to be simpler. It doesnt mean that all writing has to be simple, but it is specifically when the writer throws in over-the-top descriptions and a lot of big words mainly for the sake of sounding smarter or more poetic in some way. However, it often has the opposite effect because to randomly throw in words that dont fit the situation is distracting and lacks sense.This is not to say that all elaborateâ€"or even complicated writingâ€"would be considered purple prose. Some would describe certain writers or authors as using a lot of purple prose, when in fact it may just be that their writing is complex in a way that doesnt appeal to ones personal taste. Purple prose is simply when the writing distracts or adds no meaning to the text with its complications.Lets look at an example of what purple prose would sound like:The young adolescent girl of seventh grade age gazed at the red-haired and freckled boy with sparkling emerald eyes. She tossed her walnut-colored hair over her shoulder as she looked upon his gra tified pale face, his expression unfathomable.If you look closely at this passage there is a ton of unnecessary detail that is completely distracting from the meaning of what is actually going on. Young, adolescent, and in seventh grade basically all express the same idea but there is a repetition of three descriptions to name the same thing. There are similarly an abundance of descriptors of hair, eye color, and features that have nothing to do with the plot. When an author describes features they should be spread out some so that we arent bogged down reading them in one place, where we will likely not even remember each feature, but rather simply be pulled out of the story. Then, to finish off the purple prose in this example are the words such as gratified and unfathomable when much simpler words would have gone a long way.Here would be an example of how to revise this section to eliminate the purple prose:She gazed across the classroom at the red-haired boy, wondering what he wa s thinking.Its really that simple to give one or two details that will add and build upon the story as a whole, but not distract the reader. The first example has so many descriptions that are really more telling words anyway. Showing vs. Telling is a big factor that writers hear about constantly. You want to show what is happening in the scene whenever possible, and purple prose is really just another way to use telling language, even if upon first glance it might look fancy and might be disguised as showing words. The result will be the same.How can we eliminate purple prose now that we know precisely what to look out for? The easiest answer would be to use simpler wording and descriptions. Of course, no one wants to be overly simplistic in writing though because that can then translate to boring or lack of skills. So, how can one strike that balance? Use of simplicity should be introduced when details are veering off track. If you start describing every minute detail about a dres ser that has nothing to do with the story and wont appear again then you have complicated things. Readers will be wondering what the significance of this dresser is, theyll be waiting for its re-emergence, looking for symbolism that wont ever be delivered. So, think, if you are drawing attention to something with overt descriptions, make it have meaning to the story as a whole.Run-on sentences, adverb use, sentence lengths, unnecessary aesthetic or sensory details are all things to avoid and keep in mind when trying to decipher if your prose might be reaching that purple category.Run-on sentences, adverb use, sentence lengths, unnecessary aesthetic or sensory details are all things to avoid and keep in mind when trying to decipher if your prose might be reaching that purple category. Photo by Jorge Rojas on Unsplash.Purple prose is also not always used throughout an entire book or story. Much of the writing in a book can be quite on track, with use of direct and relevant language, b ut at times will veer off into overt descriptions and flowery details that dont contribute. This is known as purple patches within the writing. Its obviously better than the entire book being filled with purple prose, but to be the best writers we can, wed want to eliminate any purple at all and have all language mean something and contribute to the story. Lets now go over six steps to keep you on track with the best writing you can produce and not get distracted by being tempted to use purple prose.Step OneKnow your voice and style. If you are writing true to yourself then you wouldnt use descriptions that you think others might find impressive or be drawn to. You wouldnt think you had to be impressive, youd let your skills as a writer do the work. Trust your own voice. This is a similar concept to not caring about what others think of you. Of course there are a certain set of rules to being a decent and honest person, just as there are a certain set of rules to producing good writ ing. So if you are true to yourself and you trust that you are doing what is right and working to the best of your ability then others will automatically be drawn to you (your writing). If you trust your skills and all you have learned about how to write well and effectively, then you will realize when you are using words or descriptions that do not fit within your set of rules.Step TwoThink about your writing from your readers perspective. This might seem contradictory to rule #1, but lets break it down to show more what is meant here. Imagine that YOU are the reader. Even if the piece were your own writing, you would notice when it drifts out of the writers voiceâ€"as the reader. As a reader you want to learn relevant details about the characters and you want to see the story progressing as a whole. So, if you arent sure if one of your passages is purple, first ask whether it is written in your own voice, and then think about if your reader would find the passage interesting and r elevant to the overall story.Step ThreeFocus on the overall plot and storyline more than your language and descriptions. It can often be helpful, especially in a first draft, to get the story out fully without worrying about descriptions or language at all. Then, in next drafts, you can go back and revise and add in all those relevant details. Especially in a first draft, if you start in with too many descriptions, they almost always wont make sense or have contributed to the plot later, due to the fact that the story changes with multiple drafts. So, always think: plot and characters first. Details later.Step FourDont call upon a thesaurus unless you are trying to eliminate repetition of wordsâ€"not to sound smarter! Remember that episode of Friends when Joey used a thesaurus on every single word? That was a great example of purple prose (though possibly a little over-the-top). Lets not tow that line!Step FiveEdit yourself constantly. Beginning drafts are always lacking, thats a un iversal known fact. You have also probably thrown an unnecessary amount of purple prose in there, because lets face it, sometimes writers are trying to reach word counts with early drafts. Dont think in terms of how many words you can write, but rather, are they the right words?Step SixKeep learning your craft! This may be more of an overall tip to go with the craft ideas we have already discussed, but it is still worth mentioning. If you keep studying the writing rules, and reading writing by great authors, you will adopt these skills as well.Now that you know what to look out for when it comes to purple prose, and how to keep refining your writing with plot and characters in mind, put these rules in action. Get to writing with simpler and precise language and it will be work that no one will be drawn away fromâ€"regardless of content! The most important aspect of a good story is always, first and foremost, the writing.

Stem Cells Research The Regeneration Of Medicine. Stem

Stem Cells Research the Regeneration of Medicine Stem cells research is one of the most powerful areas of medicine that is both researched and passionately argued. The web page of National Institute of Health (NIH) describes that stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and they can also be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. Many individuals believe that there are ethical concerns with stem cell research because they come from destruction of perfectly good embryo however stem cells can be used for cell-based therapies, heart†¦show more content†¦(Goodarzi et al. 4) Stem cells can be used to regenerate a heart for patients that are suffering from heart failure. Liao and Tse in their article for stem cell research therapy Which was published by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) mentions that â€Å"Heart failure (HF) due to loss of cardiomyocytes caused by myocardial injuries, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide† (1). A myocardial infarction is heart attack which is just an obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle which can be fatal which is why Liao and Tse in their article discuss two different types of stem cells: multipotent stem cells (adult stem cells) and pluripotent stem cells as potential cell sources for heart regeneration. Current treatments and therapies can only reduce the loss of cardiomyocytes which are cardiac muscle cells but are unable to replenish the permanent loss of those cardiac cells. The most common curative therapy is heart trans plantation for severe heart failure, but this therapy is likely in a minority of heart failure patients due to limited organ supply. Under those circumstances â€Å"cell-based therapies using multipotent stem cells (adult stem cells) and pluripotent stem cellsShow MoreRelatedA Research On Limb Regeneration1170 Words   |  5 Pagesbring us closer to a breakthrough in regenerative medicine. Scientifically, regeneration means the process of regrowth of damaged or lost tissue. When the human body has become fully matured, around the age twenty-five human organs, such as the liver can be regenerated. If any damage is caused to the liver it is capable of regenerating itself, although it may not fully return to its original state. 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(3) The pathologic factors which inhibit the processes of healing and contributesRead MoreEnergy Radiation And Its Effect On The Cells1621 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifically laser, in health and clinical applications have been focused on its destructive phototoxic effects. This effect is associated with high energy radiation, whereas low energy radiation has been found to induce a stimulating effect on the cells. The heat inducing laser tissue ablation effect used in surgery and the disinfectant-antimicrobial effect of light therapy are distinctly different from the beneficial healing response stimulated by photobiomodulation (PBM). The nonionizing and low

Grievance Processes and Conflict Resolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 763 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Conflict Resolution Essay Did you like this example? Processes and procedures of unfair discrimination: Grievance procedure: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Grievance Processes and Conflict Resolution" essay for you Create order One of the simplest procedures; is the grievance procedure. Although the grievance procedure is not often known for addressing unfair labour practices, wage or salary issues, as a mechanism of appeal following a disciplinary hearing or demands for other benefits, the grievance procedure is the way to go by an employee when they are experiencing complaints or grievance that are work related. Such situations may include a supervisor picking on an employee, or working in unsafe conditions or areas that can cause injuries and health problems. This may also include a situation where two employees have conflict between them. The employee must bring their grievance to the supervisor first, no matter the situation. The supervisor must then address the matter and try to find a way to solve it. In a case where the supervisor is not capable of solving the problem, said supervisor should bring this under the attention of his manager. It is the managers responsibility to solve the problem by having an interview with both the supervisor and employee. By doing this, they attempt to discuss the issue and see if it will be possible to solve. If the manager is not capable of solving the problem, then they will be referred to a director or the Human Resource department. The employee has the right to refer his grievance to the CCMA for assistance, should the issue not be resolved. Disciplinary code and procedure: To enforce orderly behaviour and to ensure employee and employer interaction, the company adheres to certain rules, regulations and standards. The intention of the disciplinary code is to provide a framework of these standards. This will ensure that employers know what they can expect from employees and employees know what is expected of them in the company. The disciplinary code is also used to prescribe the penalties that will most likely be enforced by the company when employees do not obey the rules. Major and minor transgressions which may lead to disciplinary action are provided with examples by the disciplinary code and this code does not intend to be comprehensive of possible offences or be prescriptive for only the disciplinary sanction. Conflict resolution procedure : Conflict resolution: Conflict is interpreted by most people as a destructive or negative situation. Even though it has the potential to cause work team havoc, it doesnt need to be a bad thing.   If a manager uses constructive conflict, it can create high quality relationships, creative solutions to problems and change that is constructive. The secret to conflict resolution is to resolve it in a way that it improves both the relevant parties involved and the situation. It is important to include the following steps in this process: Identifying the problem: Discover the source of conflict and determine in what stage the conflict is in. The purpose is to get involved at the soonest possible moment. Give both sides a fair chance: Arrange for a meeting to be held and be certain that there is a mutual issue of complaints or differences, as well as negative feelings. A neutral space should be created for both parties. Meeting separately with the parties may cause it to seem that there is an unfair advantage to the more persuasive party. Working through differences: Time and commitment will be required here. The purpose here is to gain a greater understanding of both of the parties different opinions, positions, attitudes and perceptions. Both sides should be encouraged to put forward their views on the matter and helped to try and comprehend each others sides of the story. Identifying possible solutions: Each issue should have a possible solution. Ensuring that both parties are playing an active role in finding a solution to different issues is the best way to go about it. Listen carefully to both the employees as they blow off steam. Wait calmly for them to propose solutions to their problems. Try to reach a compromise: The aim of conflict resolution should be an outcome that benefits both parties, where both of the parties can reach their goals through integrating their concerns creatively. Convince both parties to acknowledge the obstacles, and have them agree on moving forward. Getting them to sign an agreement might be a good idea. Keep open communication channels: Ensure that involved parties meet on a regular basis to discuss any problems that may occur that could further future conflict situations. Do follow-ups: Do follow-ups for example twelve weeks after the initial meeting. Check that issues are resolved and if any mediation is required further.

Specialty of Yellow Sapphires Free Essays

Yellow sapphire ring Long gone are the times when blue was the only color associated with sapphires. With every leap mankind has taken, new wonders in every field have come to the forefront, yellow sapphire being one of them. Cheerful, sunny Yellow is synonymous with success, self confidence and power. We will write a custom essay sample on Specialty of Yellow Sapphires or any similar topic only for you Order Now Universally, yellow sapphire rings are worn for therapeutic, medical and spiritual reasons . The power of yellow sapphires is such that it is reported that by wearing it the girl of your dreams will become yours truly and if girls wear it they will find their true prince charming. The history of yellow sapphires is very interesting. For ages, the inside people of gem trade guarded its existence and found this magnificent stone worthy of nobody less than royalty. Considered to be the safest stone in gem industry for its neutral effects on the people with which it has least compatibility and exceeding effects on those it suits, it is the most valuable gem, coming second only to the diamonds. In fact the diamonds and sapphires are very much alike in appearance and luster. It is the unique chemical structure of each which sets them apart. It is often said that a naked human eye can’t easily distinguish between these two beauties. Like diamonds, sapphires also exist in various hues and shades, depending on the type of impurity impregnating its internal structure. After chemically analyzing it, it has been found that iron, aluminum and florin are present in it. The yellow sapphires were originally found in the lands of Srilanka and India. In several cultures all over the world, yellow sapphires have great astrological significance. Wearing a large yellow sapphire ring brings peace, good luck and prosperity. It is the symbol of wisdom and wit. It exudes a calmness and serenity which enables the wearer to deal with his day to day activities with the attitude of a winner. Apart from this, ladies will agree that wearing unique, eye catching and one of its kind yellow sapphire rings will no doubt add an extra oomph to their outfit and personality and give it a warm accent on grayest of the days. You can always ear a small, delicate ring with formal attire or a large, eye catching piece on fancy occasions and be the centre of attention. Additionally, different colored sapphires can all be worn simultaneously depending on the mood and they will still look beautiful. Sapphires are often confused with the mood identifying opals because they have the ability to change color based on the intensity of light they are exposed into. Yellow, green, pink, violet, blue and purple are just some colors which these sapphires can sh ow. The color changing ability has nothing to do with the change in mood in fact it’s the following three factors which play a major role in the color changing abilities of sapphires. Hue: The hue is what you see as the color. Saturation: The saturation describes the brightness or vividness of the color. Tone: The tone refers to the darkness or lightness of the color. Yellow sapphires are found in a range of hues from smooth transparent light yellow to deep greenish yellow and orange yellow. Sometimes the yellow in these sapphires can be so pale that it can be deemed as a transparent white sapphire. Deep golden sapphires with a tint of orange in them are considered to be the finest type of yellow sapphires. The deeper the color of the stone the more it is valuable. Mostly these gem stones are cut in oral shapes with multiple facets to retain maximum weight of the stone and highlight inclusions like feather, color zoning, crystals or the natural fissures etc Because of their distinctive value in history, these stones are favored by men and women all over the world. Buying yellow sapphire rings is a safe bet as they are astrologically suited to every kind of nature and make for wonderful rings to celebrate your past, present and future with your loved one. Distinctive yellow engagement sapphire rings look bedazzling, are durable and are marked with the power of creating harmony and affection in a relationship. Indeed, Princess Diana herself received one of the most exquisite sapphire ring on her engagement. In meticulous cuts, brilliant hues and its shimmering beauty yellow sapphire rings will be undoubtedly an unparalleled addition to your jewelry collection. How to cite Specialty of Yellow Sapphires, Essay examples

Athlete Salary free essay sample

How would you like to get paid millions just because people like to watch you do your job? Well that is exactly what is happening in the world of professional sports. Athletes are being over paid just to play play a game. This kind of income promotes over spending and bad life choices by many playing sports. The salaries of professional athletes need to bee lowered. Many people who have tougher jobs are more deserving of that kind of money, and the athletes that make that kind of money waste it and have no morals. There are definately people more deserving of high salaries than a professional athlete. The president of the united states, who has one of the toughest jobs in the nation, makes no where near as much as an athlete. Barack Obama makes around $400,000 a year while Alex Rodriguez makes around $33 million a year (McSharry ). Another job that effects the lives of almost every american is the job of a school teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Athlete Salary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page School teachers are very deserving of high pay and yet the average income of a high school teacher is only $43,437 (Teacher Salary ). That is only a mere fraction of what some of todays sports entertainers make. People who serve in the miltary are also much more deserving of a highi salary than an athlete. Anyone who serves in any branch of the military puts their life in danger almost every day on the job. However the average salary of military personnel is only around $60,000 a year (Military Salary ). That is a very low income for someone who takes the chance of dying everytime theyre doing their job. And what if you are in an emergency situation and need to be rushed to a hospital? Your best bet is an ambulance. The person driving the ambulance and rushing you to hekp only gets paid an average of $27, 639 a year (Average Ambulance )! That pales in comparison to the income of even retired athletes like Michael Jordan who still rakes in around $45 million a year (#18 Michael ). Although there are a select few athletes that actually donate some of their income and use their high pay for good uses, the majority of athletes waste their money and live immoral lifestyles. The athletes have money thrown at them, usually at a young age, and they have no discipline. They make bad investments and do absurd amounts of spending. Cars, houses, clothing, partying, and sometimes even drugs are all parts of most athletes lifestyles (The 6 ). This kind of living often results in players going bankrupt (The 6 ). Many athletes also get into trouble with the law becauses they think they are invincible and can buy their way out of anything. An example of an athlete who let all the fame and fortune go to his head and in turn led an immoral lifestyle is Tiger Woods. Tiger Woods, who was married with kids, admitted to having affairs with over 100 women (30, Vancouver ). He used his fame and money to gain affairs with women whicih eventually split his family apart. The best way to put an end to some of the excessive spending and lifestyles would be to put a salary cap into play. Athough players would still get paid quite a bit of money, there would at least be a limit to how much they get. Enforcing a salary cap might also make players respect their jobs a little more. Maybe star athletes would try harder if they didnt have such whopping salaries. Maybe making salaries based more on performance would help. says Perry Norris a pro sports fan in favor of the salary cap. Enforcing a salary cap might also help to make the game more fair. If all the players incomes were set then the more talented players would not pile up on the team that pays the most. The fact that athletes are over paid is something that definately does not need to be overlooked. Players lifestyles will continue to spiral out of control if their income is not limited. The salaries of professional athletes continue to go up and and are peaking in the hundred million dollar range (Freedman ). A salary cap needs to be enforced as soon as soon as possible.

Insectivorous Plants free essay sample

The rapid acid growth allows the sundew tentacles to bend, aiding in the retention and digestion of prey. [5] Pitfall traps Main article: Pitcher plant Pitfall traps are thought to have evolved independently on at least four occasions. The simplest ones are probably those of Heliamphora, the marsh pitcher plant. In this genus, the traps are clearly derived evolutionarily from a simple rolled leaf whose margins have sealed together. These plants live in areas of high rainfall in South America such as Mount Roraima and consequently have a problem ensuring their pitchers do not overflow. To counteract this problem, natural selection has favoured the evolution of an overflow similar to that of a bathroom sink—a small gap in the zipped-up leaf margins allows excess water to flow out of the pitcher. Heliamphora is a member of the Sarraceniaceae, a New World family in the order Ericales (heathers and allies). Heliamphora is limited to South America, but the family contains two other genera, Sarracenia and Darlingtonia, which are endemic to the Southeastern United States (with the exception of one species) and California respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Insectivorous Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sarracenia purpurea subsp. urpurea (the northern pitcher plant) can be found as far north as Canada. Sarracenia is the pitcher plant genus most commonly encountered in cultivation, because it is relatively hardy and easy to grow. Darlingtonia californica: note the small entrance to the trap underneath the swollen balloon and the colourless patches that confuse prey trapped inside. In the genus Sarracenia, the problem of pitcher overflow is solved by an operculum, which is essentially a flared leaflet that covers the opening of the rolled-leaf tube and protects it from rain. Possibly because of this improved waterproofing, Sarracenia species secrete enzymes such as proteases and phosphatases into the digestive fluid at the bottom of the pitcher; Heliamphora relies on bacterial digestion alone. The enzymes digest the proteins and nucleic acids in the prey, releasing amino acids and phosphate ions, which the plant absorbs. Darlingtonia californica, the cobra plant, possesses an adaptation also found in Sarracenia psittacina and, to a lesser extent, in Sarracenia minor: the operculum is balloon-like and almost seals the opening to the tube. This balloon-like chamber is pitted with areolae, chlorophyll-free patches through which light can penetrate. Insects, mostly ants, enter the chamber via the opening underneath the balloon. Once inside, they tire themselves trying to escape from these false exits, until they eventually fall into the tube. Prey access is increased by the fish tails, outgrowths of the operculum that give the plant its name. Some seedling Sarracenia species also have long, overhanging opercular outgrowths; Darlingtonia may therefore represent an example of neoteny. Brocchinia reducta: a carnivorous bromeliad The second major group of pitcher plants are the monkey cups or tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. In the hundred or so species of this genus, the pitcher is borne at the end of a tendril, which grows as an extension to the midrib of the leaf. Most species catch insects, although the larger ones, particularly N. rajah, also occasionally take small mammals and reptiles. These pitchers represent a convenient source of food to small insectivores. Nepenthes bicalcarata possesses two sharp thorns that project from the base of the operculum over the entrance to the pitcher. These likely serve to lure insects into a precarious position over the pitcher mouth, where they may lose their footing and fall into the fluid within. [6] The pitfall trap has evolved independently in at least two other groups. The Albany pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis is a small pitcher plant from Western Australia, with moccasin-like pitchers. The rim of its pitchers opening (the peristome) is particularly pronounced (both secrete nectar) and provides a thorny overhang to the opening, preventing trapped insects from climbing out. The lining of most pitcher plants is covered in a loose coating of waxy flakes, which are slippery for insects, prey that are often attracted by nectar bribes secreted by the peristome and by bright flower-like anthocyanin patterning. In at least one species, Sarracenia flava, the nectar bribe is laced with coniine, a toxic alkaloid also found in hemlock, which probably increases the efficiency of the traps by intoxicating prey. [7] The final carnivore with a pitfall-like trap is the bromeliad Brocchinia reducta. Like most relatives of the pineapple, the tightly-packed, waxy leaf bases of the strap-like leaves of this species form an urn. In most bromeliads, water collects readily in this urn and may provide habitats for frogs, insects and, more useful for the plant, diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) bacteria. In Brocchinia, the urn is a specialised insect trap, with a loose, waxy lining and a population of digestive bacteria. [citation needed] Flypaper traps The leaf of a Drosera capensis bending in response to the trapping of an insect The flypaper trap is based on a sticky mucilage, or glue. The leaf of flypaper traps is studded with mucilage-secreting glands, which may be short and nondescript (like those of the butterworts), or long and mobile (like those of many sundews). Flypapers have evolved independently at least five times. In the genus Pinguicula, the mucilage glands are quite short (sessile), and the leaf, while shiny (giving the genus its common name of butterwort), does not appear carnivorous. However, this belies the fact that the leaf is an extremely effective trap of small flying insects (such as fungus gnats), and its surface responds to prey by relatively rapid growth. This thigmotropic growth may involve rolling of the leaf blade (to prevent rain from splashing the prey off the leaf surface) or dishing of the surface under the prey to form a shallow digestive pit. The sundew genus (Drosera) consists of over 100 species of active flypapers whose mucilage glands are borne at the end of long tentacles, which frequently grow fast enough in response to prey (thigmotropism) to aid the trapping process. The tentacles of D. burmanii can bend 180Â ° in a minute or so. Sundews are extremely cosmopolitan and are found on all the continents except the Antarctic mainland. They are most diverse in Australia, the home to the large subgroup of pygmy sundews such as D. pygmaea and to a number of tuberous sundews such as D. peltata, which form tubers that aestivate during the dry summer months. These species are so dependent on insect sources of nitrogen that they generally lack the enzyme nitrate reductase, which most plants require to assimilate soil-borne nitrate into organic forms. Drosera capensis responding to captured prey. This scene is about 4 hours in real-time. Closely related to Drosera is the Portuguese dewy pine, Drosophyllum, which differs from the sundews in being passive. Its leaves are incapable of rapid movement or growth. Unrelated, but similar in habit, are the Australian rainbow plants (Byblis). Drosophyllum is unusual in that it grows under near-desert conditions; almost all other carnivores are either bog plants or grow in moist tropical areas. Recent molecular data (particularly the production of plumbagin) indicate that the remaining flypaper, Triphyophyllum peltatum, a member of the Dioncophyllaceae, is closely related to Drosophyllum and forms part of a larger clade of carnivorous and non-carnivorous plants with the Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, Ancistrocladaceae and Plumbaginaceae. This plant is usually encountered as a liana, but in its juvenile phase, the plant is carnivorous. This may be related to a requirement for specific nutrients for flowering. Snap traps The snap traps of Dionaea muscipula close rapidly when the sensitive hairs on the leaf lobes are triggered. The only two active snap traps—the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) and the waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa)—are believed to have had a common ancestor with similar adaptations. Their trapping mechanism has also been described as a mouse trap , bear trap or man trap, based on their shape and rapid movement. However, the term snap trap is preferred as other designations are misleading, particularly with respect to the intended prey. Aldrovanda is aquatic and specialised in catching small invertebrates; Dionaea is terrestrial and catches a variety of arthropods, including spiders. [8] The traps are very similar, with leaves whose terminal section is divided into two lobes, hinged along the midrib. Trigger hairs (three on each lobe in Dionaea muscipula, many more in the case of Aldrovanda) inside the trap lobes are sensitive to touch. When a trigger hair is bent, stretch-gated ion channels in the membranes of cells at the base of the trigger hair open, generating an action potential that propagates to cells in the midrib. [9] These cells respond by pumping out ions, which may either cause water to follow by osmosis (collapsing the cells in the midrib) or cause rapid acid growth. [10] The mechanism is still debated, but in any case, changes in the shape of cells in the midrib allow the lobes, held under tension, to snap shut,[9] flipping rapidly from convex to concave[11] and interring the prey. This whole process takes less than a second. In the Venus flytrap, closure in response to raindrops and blown-in debris is prevented by the leaves having a simple memory: for the lobes to shut, two stimuli are required, 0. 5 to 30 seconds apart. The snapping of the leaves is a case of thigmonasty (undirected movement in response to touch). Further stimulation of the lobes internal surfaces by the struggling insects causes the lobes to close even tighter (thigmotropism), sealing the lobes hermetically and forming a stomach in which digestion occurs over a period of one to two weeks. Leaves can be reused three or four times before they become unresponsive to stimulation, depending on the growing conditions. The tip of one stolon of Utricularia vulgaris, showing stolon, branching leaf-shoots, and transparent bladder traps Bladder traps Bladder traps are exclusive to the genus Utricularia, or bladderworts. The bladders (vesicula) pump ions out of their interiors. Water follows by osmosis, generating a partial vacuum inside the bladder. The bladder has a small opening, sealed by a hinged door. In aquatic species, the door has a pair of long trigger hairs. Aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia touch these hairs and deform the door by lever action, releasing the vacuum. The invertebrate is sucked into the bladder, where it is digested. Many species of Utricularia (such as U. sandersonii) are terrestrial, growing on waterlogged soil, and their trapping mechanism is triggered in a slightly different manner. Bladderworts lack roots, but terrestrial species have anchoring stems that resemble them. Temperate aquatic bladderworts generally die back to a resting turion during the winter months, and U. acrorhiza appears to regulate the number of bladders it bears in response to the prevailing nutrient content of its habitat. Lobster-pot traps Genlisea violacea traps and leaves A lobster-pot trap is a chamber that is easy to enter, and whose exit is either difficult to find or obstructed by inward-pointing bristles. Lobster pots are the trapping mechanism in Genlisea, the corkscrew plants. These plants appear to specialise in aquatic protozoa. A Y-shaped modified leaf allows prey to enter but not exit. Inward-pointing hairs force the prey to move in a particular direction. Prey entering the spiral entrance that coils around the upper two arms of the Y are forced to move inexorably towards a stomach in the lower arm of the Y, where they are digested. Prey movement is also thought to be encouraged by water movement through the trap, produced in a similar way to the vacuum in bladder traps, and probably evolutionarily related to it. Outside of Genlisea, features reminiscent of lobster-pot traps can be seen in Sarracenia psittacina, Darlingtonia californica, and, some horticulturalists argue, Nepenthes aristolochioides.

Everything You Need to Know About Having a Part-Time Job

Everything You Need to Know About Having a Part-Time Job Don’t want to work full-time but aren’t sure what the alternative is? If you’re not exactly certain what a part-time job entails, hours-wise, here’s a primer to what you might expect. The HoursEssentially, a part-time job is a position that offers you flexibility- of scheduling or decreased hours. The number of hours varies from company to company: anywhere from 5 to 35 per week. The company has the discretion here, as to what they consider part-time. It isn’t regulated by the Fair Labor Standards Act- and the ACA only differentiates full from part-time work (at 30 hours per week) for the purposes of health insurance benefit eligibility.The  OpportunitiesThere is a bit of stigma attached to â€Å"part-time† work, making it seem as though it isn’t real work, but there are many professional gigs that fall under the part-time umbrella. It’s not just retail and hospitality either! It can be particularly useful for stay-at-home par ents, students, retirees, and any other workers who prefer not to have the time commitment of a full-time position.The PerksIt’s even occasionally possible to start with part-time employment and transition into full-time work at that company, if you play your cards right- making part-time work a useful way to get your foot in the door somewhere.It’s also possible to gain access to benefits- though not as extensive as full-time packages, and not universally.If you think part-time work might be an ideal situation for you at this stage in your career, try looking for positions that have flexibility and at least some baseline benefits. And remember, what works for you works for you. Don’t worry about what anybody else thinks.

Prosperos Mistakes in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Essay

Prosperos Mistakes in The Tempest by William Shakespeare - Essay Example He admitted to wrapping himself up in his studies, so that Antonio, in taking on the Duke's role, actually began to believe he was the rightful duke and that Prospero was incapable of ruling. Prospero seemed unaware of the idea that power can corrupt, as it did with Antonio. His brotherly love and trust blinded him to his brother's faults and actions until it was too late. He was complacent in his belief that his deputy and his team would always be there for him. But he did nothing to keep their loyalty or to lead that team. Antonio was greedy, ambitious and ruthless, using the King of Naples, Prospero's enemy, to help throw his brother and niece into exile. He loved power and looked for more. This showed on the island, when he plotted with Sebastian to kill old Gonzalo, who loved Prospero and stood in his way of taking over Naples. In exile, Prospero changed, he was forced to examine the situation and find the resources in himself and his environment in order to survive. He taught Miranda, and Caliban the monster, but always controlled them. Ariel, his spirit helper, might be seen as his deputy, but Prospero gave the orders, checked progress and examined the results of every activity with discussion and consultation. He took charge of an alien world and managed it so as to reach the desired outcomes. He no longer took anything on trust, but set tests and conditions, and gave explanations. As in the case of Ferdinand's love for Miranda; he tested him before giving consent to a betrothal. "I tender to thy hand. All thy vexations Were but trials of thy love," (Act 4, Sc.1, v. 5-6) His experiences in life had not made him bitter, he learned a great deal on the magic island away from the real world. But he wanted to be back in business, taking up his rightful role as the Duke of Milan. To do this, Prospero understood the need to show who was in charge, but at the same time, to put the past behind him and offer forgiveness. His management skills had developed to a point where he was capable of organizing everybody and everything to his satisfaction, in order to achieve the final result that he wanted, but with no hard feelings. He showed how he felt about it when he said: "Yet with my nobler reason 'gainst my fury Do I take part: the rarer action is In virtue than in vengeance;" (Act 5, Sc.1, v.25-28) In the end, Prospero had power as himself, without spirits or magic, having kept his word and set Ariel free. By forgiving his enemies, he showed himself to be a stronger leader than when he landed in exile. He had learned never to take anything or any person at face value, to look at people's characters and motives and to always maintain control. And finally, to move forward and work together. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. 1611. The Tempest. Penguin Shakespeare, Penguin Books London, New York. 2005. Name: Tutor: Class: Date: The Best

A Background on Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Background on Egypt - Essay Example From the study it is clear that Egypt occupies a strategic position as it is a bridge between two continents and links two chief waterways, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Its position demands that it dominates its environment otherwise it suffers from the victimization of foreign powers. Egypt survival depends on the Nile River. Indeed, the majority of the country’s citizens live near along the river where the only arable land is found, an area of about 15, 000 square miles. As the discussion declares the country is also considered to be in a very strategic position politically since it’s at the epicenter of three circles. These are the Arab, the African, and the Islamic people. The country considers itself playing a vital role in Africa as it was a major advocate of nonalignment and neutralism. With its strategic position, Egypt remains an important part of major powers’ plan to reach the Arab world. In spite of the country’s unbalanced outcome of its two referendums and parliamentary elections, it experienced a free and fair election for a period of 10 months from November 2011. The country’s politics became a tool through which contentious issues could be settled. During the 2012 elections, twenty-nine parties and several independent candidates competed for the 498 seats available in the People’s Assembly. With the eight political parties that competed in the elections, the Islamists won at least 83 percent of the 18 0 available seats.

Vanillin: Physiochemical Properties, Production and Uses

Vanillin: Physiochemical Properties, Production and Uses Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an important flavoring agent mostly used in beverages, pharmaceutical industries, food products, etc. Naturally present as a vanillin glucoside in vanilla pods and used as an intermediate in the synthesis of some drugs. Vanillin possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In the past, production of vanillin is very expensive and a very long process. Vanillin was obtained from the oxidation of lignin, or from ferulic acid pathway or some other pathways. The chemical production of vanillin from various methods had been described. The method used in this research is High selectivity in the oxidation of Mandelic acid derivatives and in O-Methylation of Protocatechualdehyde. The starting material used here was catechol and nowadays this method is used for the industrial production of vanillin. The method used was tiresome but produces vanillin in good yield. The analysis of obtained vanillin was done by using Thin Layer Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy. Infrared spectrum of obtained product and reference spectrum of vanillin were compared. The similarity of melting points of the obtained product and vanillin from literatures shows that the product obtained can be confirmed as vanillin. Introduction Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybanzaldehyde) is a main part of natural vanilla. It is a major flavouring agent used widely in the food and dairy products, beverages and pharmaceutical industries etc. It is an organic aromatic compound which contains three functional groups (aldehyde, phenol and ether). Vanillin is obtained from the beans or pods of Vanilla plant (Vanilla planifolia). Its origin is from the subtropical forests of Mexico and Central America. Mayan and Aztec civilizations are the first who discover the properties of vanilla. It was first extracted by Nicholas Theodore Gobley in 1858.1 Vanilla Planifolia Vanilla pods Vanilla beans In freshly harvested vanilla pods vanillin is binds with the ÃŽ ²-D-glycoside. Today vanillin is used in the preparation of many pharmaceutical preparations like Papaverine, Levodopa, Levomethyldopa and antimicrobial agent Trimethoprim and also for the production of herbicides and antifoaming agents. Vanillin also has properties like antioxidants and anti-tumor. Due to its aromatic properties it is widely used in the air fresheners, perfumes, incense and candle.1 Vanillin is extracted from the vanilla beans but due to its low natural production and high demand it is prepared by various synthetic methods like chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis etc.1 Physiochemical properties of Vanillin: Vanillin is a white crystalline powder which has a melting point about 820C. The purity is generally above 99.0% w/w on dried basis. Vanillin has a characteristic pleasant smell and taste for which it is widely used in the world. The boiling point of vanillin is about 1540C and its sublimation temperature is reported to be 700C. Vanillin starts to decompose at 1600C. Vanillin has a vapour pressure of 0.0022 hPa at 250C and 0.0017 hPa at 650C and saturated air has a concentration of 0.00029 % at 250C, corresponding to 18.0 mg/m3. The vapour density of vanillin is found to be 5.3 at 250C. Its apparent specific gravity is 0.6 kg/dm3. Specific gravity of vanillin is reported to be 1056 kg/m3 at 200C. Vanillin is soluble in water and its solubility increases with increasing temperature. Its solubility in water at 25Â °C was reported to be 10g/L. Vanillin was reported to be readily soluble in alcohol (ethanol). Also vanillin shows slight solubility in ethyl acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether. The Octanol/ Water partition coefficient was found to be 1.21 which indicates that vanillin is unlikely to bio accumulate. The pH of vanillin in water is 4.3. The phenol group of vanillin has a pKa value of 7.38. With increasing pH the molecule will lose a proton, become negatively charged and more soluble in water. Vanillin dissolves in dilute solution of alkali hydroxides.16 Production of vanillin: The production of vanillin is a very long and expensive process which involves large number of steps as well. The pollination of flowers has to be done manually as there is lack of natural pollinators. The flowers have to be pollinated within 24 hours to bear fruits. The vanilla beans require 10- 12 months to mature from the time of pollination. The matured vanilla beans are yellowish green, and are bitter in taste. The matured beans lack the characteristic vanilla flavour which only develops upon curing, which involves three steps. 1) Killing, the green beans are treated with variety of methods such as scalded with hot water, exposed to sun, wilted in the oven, scarred, treated with ethylene gas, or frozen to disrupt tissue integrity. The second method is the cheapest but most labour- intensive. In this step tissues completely lose their integrity, but still contains high amount of moisture which has to be removed by the sweating process. This step runs for 7-10 days, during moisture content of the beans reduced to 60- 70 %. After losing the moisture the beans turn dark brown in colour and start to develop their characteristic vanilla flavour. To reduce microbial spoilage and to concentrate the flavour, the moisture content were further reduced to 25- 30 %. After this step, the beans are stored in closed containers to reach their highest flavour content and then their conditioning is done either by hot water treatment or by sun drying.5 2) Process of curing and drying together requires 4-5 months. The cured beans pods may be covered with tiny crystals of vanillin. This coating is known as givre, which sometimes used as criterion for quality assessment.6 3) During the fermentation process, vanillin is released from its non-volatile glucoside by the action of vanilla ÃŽ ±-glucosidase on vanillin glucoside.3 Vanillin alone is not present in the extract of V. Plantifolia, some related phenylpropanoid (C3-C6) compounds [mainly p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(8.6%), vanillic acid (4.3%), p-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (0.9%) ] are also present which gives the unique flavour to natural vanilla.7,8,9 However, vanillin has also been found to be present in traces amount in plants like tobacco, fruits and fruit products like orange, grapefruit, and tangerine. In mango, vanillin is present both as free vanillin and vanillyl glucoside. It is also reported to be present in elderberry juice, blueberries, orange juice, strawberries, passion fruit juice, leeches, and wines. It has also been found in diverse food products such as popcorn, extruded oat flour, apple cider brandy, commercial liquid smoke flavourings, mushrooms and chocolate.3, 10 Vanillin is added in the concentrations ranging from 1 to 26 milimolar in the food products which depend upon the nature of the product. Vanillin has a low flavor threshold value of 20Â µg/L in water at 20 Â °C.11Although more than 12000 tonnes of vanillin are produced each year only 1% of it comes from the natural sources and the rest are synthesized by chemical synthesis.12 Moreover, the high demand for vanillin and the fact that the vanillin derived from plants is relatively expensive ($1200- 1400 per kilo compared to synthetically produced which is

Sanchez and Levine Summary

In making the distinction between competency modeling (CM) and traditional Job analysis (TAXI the authors articulate that the latter encores itself with describing and measuring day-to-day operations of specific roles In an organization while the former relates to desired behavioral competencies that transcend various roles and In doing so contribute to an overarching organizational strategy. The authors compare CM and TAX along six dimensions: purpose, view of the job, focus, time orientation, performance level and measurement approach.While all dimensions are equally important in making a clear distinction between the two concepts, for the purpose of this summary I will be focusing on what is in my opinion he three most relevant distinctions between the two HRS methodologies namely, focus, time orientation and performance level. The authors argue that TAX focuses solely on the job and in doing so fails to recognize that job behavior could be influenced by factors other than formal responsibilities.CM on the other hand, builds itself around notions of 'employer brand' and 'employee value proposition' that include behavioral themes and unique performance characteristics that derive directly from the organizational identity itself. The focus of CM Is particularly important because it has significant practical implications when communicating management expectations to employees.An employer brand should identify with a business strategy and communicating strategic competencies as a component of management expectations is more likely to encourage on-brand behavior in the delivery of products and services to customers, regardless of the employee's Job title. For example, the inclusion of ‘Discretionary Effort' among Feeder's competencies encourages Its employees to go above and beyond their day-to-day Job responsibilities and provide creative solutions to customers' demands, which Is consistent with an overarching business strategy of exceeding customer expect ations.Furthermore, since competencies communicate universal behavioral themes that the organization wishes to see across all Jobs, employees seeking career advancement are able to identify with these themes and perform their duties that not only benefit themselves but the organization as well. Most organizations do not engage their employees In a manner that encourages them to demonstrate such on-brand behavior.However It seems quite clear, that accompanying specific job duties with these behavioral themes and rewarding employees for demonstrating such behaviors in the workplace could have a significant impact on a firm's reputation and overall consistency in the manner employees perform their duties. Secondly, the authors argue that TAX Is rooted In the past because It concerns itself with describing a Job by relying on those who have performed the Job till date.In contrast CM NAS a Touch on ten Torture, Decease It communicates now a Joy snouts be interpreted and performed from no w on regardless of past behavior. TAX takes a bottom-up approach relying on information obtained from employees performing the job, while CM takes a top-down approach by communicating generic behavioral themes identified by leaders who are also responsible for strategic planning.Furthermore, the authors interject that TAX outlines day-to-day operational capabilities that have facilitated the survival of the organization till date, while CM concerns itself with change-oriented competencies that encourage employees to demonstrate certain behavioral characteristics that may facilitate growth and hang. In essence, CM allows employees to better understand how their specific Job assignments contribute to the organization's strategic initiatives and when provided with the right incentives, employees are more likely to change their behaviors that align with these strategies going in to the future.Providing employees with a sense of purpose and direction that facilitates the firm's future gr owth is more likely to encourage behaviors that go above and beyond an employee's basic duties in serving the customers which may in turn serve the organization as well. Last but not the least, the distinct performance level addressed by TAX and CM is of particular significance because it allows us to understand what will bring out the best from employees in an organization.While TAX addresses the typical' requirements needed to perform the work assignments, CM focuses on ‘maximal' performance by encouraging a series of loosely coupled behavioral themes that go beyond the operational efficiency of basic aspects of a Job. This distinction is significant because if managers wish to encourage employees to perform at a level hat goes beyond the typical day-to-day responsibilities, they must excel at implicitly communicating these behavioral themes to others in the organization.These themes tend to be generic so they transcend across all Job titles within the organization and bear on the interpersonal aspects of the manner in which the Job ought to be performed. Therefore, as mentioned earlier, those seeking career advancement have a clear idea of what sort of behavior will result in favorable outcomes and that optimizing day-to-day operations alone will not serve them or the organization in the long run.

How do generic conventions inform your understanding of Macbeth? Essay

The tragedy of Macbeth is his â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† In this famous play, William Shakespeare positions the audience to feel pity towards the protagonist involved, and potentially the protagonist is the tragic hero. But in the play, Macbeth, how does he do this? Shakespeare positions us to feel pity for Macbeth, the protagonist, by using generic, dramatic and theatrical conventions such as soliloquies, hamartia and symbolism. My understanding of the play Macbeth, is shaped by Shakespeare’s use of generic conventions to represent the characters inner turmoil and through this, their tragic flaws. Specifically, soliloquies are used to reveal Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s inner turmoil as they lose their sanity for power. The first soliloquy in Macbeth is said by Lady Macbeth which reveals her inner turmoil about the letter she receives from Macbeth, as she worries that he may not be strong enough to kill Duncan, and through this her tragic flaw is revealed . As the witches prediction about Macbeth to become â€Å"Thane of Glamis and Cawdor† comes true, she is lured into the trap of believing that he will become king however worries that he is too much of a coward to make it happen. Act 1 Scene 5, line 6, â€Å"Yet do thy nature; It is too full o’ milk of human nature†. It’s evident that through the term â€Å"o’milk of human nature† symbolises the milk of a human and the only kind of human that produces milk is a female. Milk only comes from the female when she is a mother and mothers are traditionally nurturing and kind. So Lady Macbeth is saying that Macbeth is quite feminine in the way of his kindness. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth thinks Macbeth doesn’t have the ruthless nature like she does to strike aggressively at a first opportunity to have power and even though he wants power, his â€Å"nature† is too kind to be king in the evil way that she plans to do it. When receiving news that the king is going to stay at the Macbeth castle, she feels she must be the one to kill Duncan in order for Macbeth to become king and her to be queen, however in the soliloquy after she received the news, she talks to the â€Å"spirits† about how willing she is to do the deed to get the power and seize the throne. Although at the same time, it touches on the theme of masculinity, â€Å"tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 31. â€Å"Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 38. Both quotes suggest the different sex, â€Å"unsex me here†, by changing sex Lady Macbeth feels she would be more masculine, than she is now, as a man. With the second quote mentioning â€Å"milk†, this suggests womanhood, represented by milk and breasts, symbolising nurture and compassion and she says she has this as well as her ruthlessness but wants to be more cruel, â€Å"of direct cruelty! Make thick my blood† Act 1 Scene 5, line 33. When all of her plans and inner turmoil is revealed to us, her hamartia suddenly becomes clearer – her flaw is that she is extremely power hungry and will do anything to feed it, however this results in her downfall as she turns insane from her guilty conscience of manipulating Macbeth, simply because she is too cowardice to do her own business. Macbeth’s first soliloquy in the play portrays him to be his sane self, making the agonizing decision of whether he should go through with the evil deed of assassinating King Duncan. In his decision he puts into account King Duncan’s qualities, â€Å"this Duncan, hath borne his faculties so meek,† Act 1 Scene 7, line 16, and his loyalty and faith towards the king, â€Å"He is here in bought trust†¦as I am his kinsman†¦then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife himself† Act 1 Scene 7, line 12, which represents the kind nature of Macbeth, not wanting to go through with seizing the throne by murdering Duncan because he likes Duncan as he is a strong and humble leader. He also describes that his death would be showered with, â€Å"angels, trumpet-tongued,† Act 1 Scene 7. Angels are a representation of heaven and heaven is symbolised as good which means Duncan will go to heaven if he dies because of his goodness. This reminds us how severe and alarming it is to kill a human being just for power and Macbeth realises this also, this is seen through the use of language, â€Å"Bloody instructions† and â€Å"our poisoned chalice† and â€Å"deep damnation† and through this, an image of darkness is made which makes it clear to us that Macbeth knows what he could do is wrong and if he does it he will be forever in a world of sin. At the same time, the one only reason Macbeth wants to proceed in the deed is his ambition to become powerful, â€Å"but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† Act 1 Scene 7, line 27. The only thing motivating him is his ambition, however Macbeth knows ambition could lead him on towards disaster, (coincidentally it did) therefore decides not to go along with his wife’s plans. Although after his soliloquy when he admits to Lady Macbeth he doesn’t want to carry on with the plan, Lady Macbeth threatens Macbeth that he will no longer be a man in her eyes but a coward and that she might never love him again if he doesn’t kill Duncan. This affects Macbeth’s inner turmoil because as a man, he like to show his bravery and have courage and by going against his wife could damage his masculinity and so carries on with the play. My understanding of Macbeth’s tragic flaw, as evidenced in this soliloquy, is that he doesn’t want to damage his pride, his masculinity or his ambition and this, then, leads to his downfall. The next soliloquy used by Macbeth reveals to the audience that the pressure of killing the king is finally taking a turn on his mind. In his speech, Macbeth makes accusations of seeing a dagger, identical to his, in front of him however he becomes confused when he can’t decide what is happening. At first, when the dagger appears he believes it to be a â€Å"false creation† which is a hallucination, as he has already tried to grab it but failed, caused by a â€Å"Heat- oppressà ¨d brain†, in other words, he’s ill. Then just after saying this, he believes that it’s something different, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going,† Act 2 Scene 1. The meaning for this quote is that the dagger is pointing him in the direction that he is going and this symbolises and proves that his decision to kill the king is already set in motion. The direction of the dagger may have been just his mind but could have been witchcraft also†¦ 3â€Å"Witchcraft celebrates, Pale Hecate’s offerings,† Since Macbeth already believes the witches, there is no other reasons not to disagree with them. Macbeth’s tragic flaw of his self-pride of masculinity, ambition and lust for power ends up in his downfall of insanity from confusion and stress and later on in the play he metaphorically â€Å"plummets to his death† as he loses control of his paranoia. Shakespeare positions the audience, with monologues like this, to see that Macbeth is stressed, scared and confused about the act he is about to commit, this slowly leads him to lose his sanity just so he can please his wife, achieve his goal of ambition and protect his pride and masculinity. My understanding of Macbeth is greatly shaped by generic conventions such a soliloquies. Throughout the play soliloquies were used to explain the main character’s inner turmoil. Macbeth appeared to be a power greed murder that stopped at nothing to be the king of Scotland. However through soliloquies, it was clear to me that this was his hamartia and his tragic flaw, which made him this way, was that he was ambitious, proud of his masculinity and courage. So when Lady Macbeth threatens him and names him a coward for not killing Duncan, he want does it to protect his pride. This makes us pity him as he had no choice and becomes insane from the paranoia and guilty conscience. In my opinion, I think Shakespeare had a message of purpose of Macbeth and that was to show the audience that ambition and desire is destructive and no matter how much a person wants power, they should never let it overcome them.

Video Games And Its Effects On Children - 1519 Words

Video games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an all-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion its first weekend, Grand Theft Auto 5, contains gang violence, nudity, and obscene language (Thier 2014). Although the extreme violence is rated accordingly for certain ages, parents often purchase these games for their kids not knowing what is†¦show more content†¦Violence in games may not affect adolescents with no previously displayed health problems, but it is possible it heightens the likelihood in violence with children who have a clinical diagnosis such as depressio n. Young children and teens who have been playing video games on a regular basis may begin to have a hostile view of the world which in turn may have varying consequences, but children who are depressed may be at a higher risk. With a consideration of the benefits of video games in mind, there is still overwhelming research stating that there is a correlation between video games and aggression. When adolescents are playing video games multiple hours during the day, depending on the video game, there are often high amounts of crime, violence, guns, explosions, and other extremely graphic material. Graphic imaging is getting better as technology gets better which makes the images in video games seem much more realistic. Virtual reality headsets are the new thing in the gaming community and they allow gamers to be immersed in the virtual world of video games. Video games require and encourage active participation while playing, there is a lot of involvement from the player which is som ething that may be exposing them further to certain actions. The large amounts of exposure and the reality ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. 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